Related article: example of the whip with a whale- bone top; the lower part of the stock is holly, and the point where the whalebone begins can easily be recognised from the absence of trimming. A beautiful example of chasing as applied to whips is shown in fig. 6. This is the head of a presentation riding - whip, date 1841 ; the gold head is chased to represent incidents in fox-hunting, while the figure on the top is that of a jockey. Modern whips are wonderfully light and well-balanced ; the best ** stocks " are made of " rabbit- bitten " holly. In frosty weather, when rabbits cannot get much to eat, they gnaw the bark of hollies, and the places which they bite get frozen. After a good holly- stick has thus been ill-treated by 1900.] WH coDies, it IS cut and sold to a whip maker, and the ungoawed bark is taken off, but the " rabbit- bitten" is left on. It forms an admirable grip for the hand. The best hollies are grown in Kent, but Sussex and the New Forest also supply fine stocks. A good instance of history re- peating itself is furnished by " dog-knee " stocks. They were used seventy years ago by four- in-hand coachmen and afterwards went out of fashion, and have only recently come in again. Most whip stocks are straight; the best are made from holly, but several other woods answer the purpose admirably, as blackthorn with the bark left on. Yew has a better "natural play" than any other, and lancewood is extremely popular ; it is dressed in all kinds of patterns, and shaped to any size. Varnished green lancewood stocks are quite the rage, and so also are " built " cane. The latter are constructed as follows: a steel rod forms the centre, and six pieces of cane, in hexagonal shape, are built round it, over- lapped at intervals with fine gut. The silver mounting is usually hexagonal shape, to match the stock. There are likewise jointed Flavoxate Hcl 100 Mg whips which are particularly use- ful for travelling, because they can be taken to pieces and fast- ened on to a board and put under the seat of a railway compart- ment, &c. As we mentioned before, modern whipmakers cannot make "shagreen" handles, but they can produce others that are even prettier. However, the Japanese surpass the Enghsh in this art, and plain ivory handles are frequently sent to japan, and are returned in twelve months' time beautifully lacquered. A great number of the fancy handles made at home are cut out of lizard and crocodile skins. The most serviceable are pigskin, they are more durable than Russian leather, although their smell is Presentalion driving-whips given by the King of Holland, at ihe end of ihe last cenlury, as prim in driving races. less agreeable. Then we have seamless handles ; each one is made by a calf's tail being BAILY5 MACAZINB. [NOVEHBER (I) Whip of Hoiwell, Countess of Warwick's grandfather, Mr. Maynard. (a) Typical whip, the year 1790 (English). (3) Whip, whalebone top, year 1825 (English). {4) Phaelon whip, formerly the properly of, and used by, George IV. (S) Packman's whip of the period of George III., the handle having a receptacle for pen and ink and spare hone-naili. dragged lightly over an iron tube. To omit to call Buy Flavoxate Hcl attention to crops, stock whips, cutting whips, American straight buggy whips, besides many other sorts, would be unsatisfaclory ; yet to give more than a few hnes to each would mean lengthening an article until it became as voluminous as a book. Nevertheless, the fol- lowing facts ought to be laid stress on, if only to call attention to the advance in the whip industry during the nineteenth century. We will run through the chief points of the leading varieties, and implore the reader's forgiveness if we fail to allude to some that are well worthy of being mentioned. A modern hunting crop often has a leather handle covering a third of the stock, from the silver mount upwards. Clouded rattan are generally con- sidered to be the smartest cane hunting-crops, but they are not equal to those made from whale- bone and covered with sheep or lamb gut. By the way, a popular error is to imagine that first-class whips are made with " cat gut " ; the right expression is sheep or lamb gut. The peculiarity of the polo whip is that it is much longer than an ordinary racing whip, and more swishy. A stock whip has soiretinies a lash as long as eighteen feet, and its crack may be heard hatf-a-mile off, if the whip is skilfully whirled round a stockman's head, and then allowed to fall without being jerked. The best are those which are hand- made on a station. It is ad- visable to have a smooth wooden handle, cut from an Australian tree that has a native name not unlike " Gedgee." A bullock whip is much heavier than its first cousin the stock whip; it requires two hands to crack it properly. '900 WHIPS. 321 When the atmosphere is in favour of a listener hearing noises a long distance, the report from this modern stimulus will travel three miles easily. But of course the ordinary bullock driver is not cruel enough to hit one of his team every time he uses his whip, or none of the animals would have a hide that was not scored with lash marks. "American straight buggy whips" are largely made at Westfield, Massachusetts ; it is the principal industry of the town. Throughout the United Slates whips of all sorts are made by machinery; in England they are always made by hand. A very effectual instrument of castigation is a species of cutting whip used in China, not only by " the heathen Chinee, " but also by European residents. It is simply constructed, with three pieces of thin bamboo twisted round one another, secured at one end by a silver or tin mount, and at the other end by silk thread, fastening the three canes to- gether, and also a short lash of three inches long. Needless to add that this pliable switch will cause a great deal of pain, if harshly applied to man or beast. The curious old Dutch whips in the Elsenham collection deserve special notice. These are a good deal shorter than a modern driving whip ; the stocks are adorned with